【高分必备】GRE写作Argument部分的6种逻辑错误汇总
- 2015年09月09日11:29 来源：小站整理
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新GRE写作包括Argument和Issue两部分，这两部分都比较重视逻辑思维，而这恰恰是中国学生容易错的地方。今天小编给大家整理了新GRE写作Argument部分常犯的7种逻辑错误，希望小伙伴儿们在平时的备战练习中注意避免这些问题。
1、结论无据(gratuitous assumption)
The author falsely depends on gratuitousassumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to supportthis assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it ismore likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling outsuch possibility.
2、无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causaloversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred beforeB, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses thepositive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the factthat A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But thisis fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have beenconsidered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these eventsor perhaps B is caused by D.
3、样本不足(insufficient-sample)
The evidence the author provides isinsufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logicallyunsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a fewrecent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless itcan be shown that A1 is representative of all A.
4、二者择一(Either-Orchoice)
The author assumes that AA and BB aremutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground.However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Commonsense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
5、错误类比(based on a false analogy ) <横向>
The argument rests on the assumptionthat A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, sincealthough there are points of comparison between A and B, there is muchdissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likelymuch more difficult for B to do....
6、时地全等(all thingsare equal) <纵向>
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact thathappened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that....The author assumes without justification that the background conditions haveremained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it isnot clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same asthey used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
TIPS：GRE写作两部分权重相同
由于AA的写作不牵涉自己观点的展开，只须指出作者逻辑上的漏洞，因此在经过训练以后，写起来并不困难;而AI的写作需要自己展开自己设立的观点，不但需要逻辑上的洞察能力，还需要论证观点的能力，语言组织的能力，因此对于中国考生来讲比较困难，难以短期内有较大提高。但是这两个部分在总分中的权重是一样的，因此考生的策略应该是尽量提高AI部分的写作能力而力保AA部分满分(或高分)。因为如果AA部分满分的话，AI部分只需争取在4分以上 就可以保证整体作文分数在5分以上。
