新GRE作文真题满分范文讲解剖析之居民健康生活习惯

2015年05月08日16:56 来源：小站整理

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GRE作文考试最大的特点，便是GRE题库的公开，所有GRE考试中可能会出现的作文题目，都已经事先公布在ETS的GRE官网上。尽管考题公开透明，但庞大的题量，对于想要做好充分准备的考生来说，仍然算得上是巨大的挑战。为了方便广大考生准备GRE作文，小站为大家整理了针对题库中ARGUMENT类文章题目的满分范文，包含详细的逐段讲解和满分要素剖析，相信能给大家提供一些帮助。

Arg-53

The following appeared in a health magazine:

"The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

In this argument the speaker concludes that Forsythe citizens have adopted healthier lifestyles based their current eating habits and how closely conform to government nutritional recommendations. The speaker indicates that sales of kiran, a substance known to reduce cholesterol, have increased fourfold, while sales of sulia have been declining. This argument is unpersuasive for several reasons.

【此段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument开头段结构，即：C – E - F的开头结构，首句概括原文的C(Conclusion)。接下来的一句话概括了原文为了支持他的结论所引用的E(Evidence)。最后尾句中给出开头段到正文段的过渡句，指出原文在逻辑上存在F(Flaw)。

【此段功能】

本段作为Argument开头段，具体功能就在发起攻击。首先，概括原文的结论：Forsythe(简称F)地区的居民已经有了健康的生活习惯因为他们的饮食接近政府的nutritional recommendations。接下来分别列举了原文为了支持这个结论引用的证据：F地区kiran销量上升近四倍，而sulia的销量下降。论据的归纳用于铺垫出正文段的具体攻击。最后点出原文存在逻辑错误，引出后面的分析。

First, the survey must be proven a reliable source before being considered as evidence. Specifically, the responses must be accurate. Furthermore, the number of respondents must be statistically significant and representative of the overall Forsythe citizenry in terms of eating habits. Without evidence of the survey's reliability, it is impossible to draw any firm conclusions about the current dietary habits of Forsythe.

【此段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第一个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。

【此段功能】

本段作为正文第一段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：调查类错误。作者认为原文没有说明所引用调查的准确性。作者进一步提出，调查得到的回答必须是正确的，调查样本数量必须statistically significant and representative。在没有关于调查可靠性证据的情况下，通过调查得到的F地区饮食习惯的结果是不靠谱的。

Second, the argument relies on the dubious assumption that the government nutritional recommendations themselves are healthy. It is entirely possible that the dietary habits of Forsythe citizens were healthier ten years ago than they are now because they ran contrary to the current recommendations. Without substantiating the government recommendations, there is no way to determine if the citizens are actually healthier or simply in compliance with the government definition of healthy.

【此段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第二个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。

【此段功能】

本段作为正文第五段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：因果类错误(忽略他因)。作者认为，即使F地居民健康状况改变，但有其他habits会offset health change。作者提出，必须在other habits不变的情况下，才能得到F地居民healthier的结论。

In sum, the argument fails to persuade. To strengthen it the speaker must demonstrate that the survey accurately reflects the dietary habits of Forsythe's citizens, and that by following the government's nutritional recommendations more closely these citizens are in fact healthier. The speaker must also show that Forsythe's citizens have not made other dietary or other lifestyle changes that offset healthful changes. Finally, to better assess the argument an audience would need to be provided with more information about the manner and extent to which Forsythe's citizens now consume kiran, and about the healthfulness of sulia.

【此段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument结尾段结构，即：C – S的结尾结构，首先再次重申原文的站不住脚的Conclusion，接下来给出给合理建议Suggestion。

【此段功能】

本段作为Argument结尾段，具体功能就总结归纳+建议措施，首先再次重申：原文“住在小城镇会提高健康水平和寿命”这一论断是没有说服力的。接下来作者给出几条建议：作者需要在health example和cause of health example之间建立逻辑联系，就是要提出影响居民健康的具体因素。这几条建议含蓄的隐射前面的错误，前后呼应，文章有力结尾，浑然一体。